Time-Related Biases in Nonrandomized COVID-19–Era Studies Using Real-world Data

Michael A. Thompson, MD, PhD; Jeffrey P. Henderson, Pankil K. Shah, MSPH; Samuel M. Rubinstein, MD; J. Joyner, Toni Choueiri, Daniel B. Flora, PharmD; Elizabeth Griffiths, Anthony Gulati, Clara Hwang, Vadim S. Koshkin, Esperanza Papadopoulos, V. Robilotti, MPH; Christopher T. Su, Wulff-Burchfield, Zhuoer Xie, MS; Peter Paul Yu, Sanjay Mishra, MS, Jonathon W. Senefeld, Dimpy Jeremy L. Warner, COVID-19 and Cancer Consortium; Balazs Halmos; Amit Verma; Benjamin A Gartrell; Goel; Nitin Ohri; R Alejandro Sica; Astha Thakkar; Keith E Stockerl-Goldstein; Omar Butt; Jian L Campian; Mark Fiala; Ryan Monahan; Alice Y Zhou; Pamela Bohachek; Mundt; Mitrianna Streckfuss; Eyob Tadesse; Philip Lammers; G Revankar; Orestis Panagiotou; C Egan; Dimitrios Farmakiotis; Hina Khan; Adam J Olszewski; Arturo Loaiza-Bonilla; Salvatore Del Prete; Anne H Angevine; Bar; KM Steve Lo; Jamie Stratton; Weinstein; Paolo F Caimi; Jill S Barnholtz-Sloan; Jorge Garcia; John M Nakayama; Shilpa Gupta; Nathan Pennell; Manmeet Ahluwalia; Scott Dawsey; Amanda Nizam; Lemmon; Claire Hoppenot; Ang Li; Ziad Bakouny; Gabrielle Bouchard; Fiona Busser; Jean Conners; Catherine Curran; George D Demetri; Antonio Giordano; Kaitlin Kelleher; Anju Nohria; Andrew Schmidt; Grace Shaw; Eliezer Van Allen; Pier Vitale Nuzzo; Wenxin Xu; Rebecca Zon; Tian Zhang; Susan Halabi; Gary Lyman; Jerome Graber; Petros Grivas; Ali Raza Khaki; T Loggers; Lynch; Nakasone; Schweizer; Lisa ML Tachiki; Shaveta Vinayak; Wagner; Albert Yeh; Na Tosha N Gatson; Sharad Goyal; Minh-Phuong Huynh-Le; Lori Rosenstein; Jessica Clement; Ahmad Daher; Dailey; Rawad Elias; Emily Hsu; Alvaro Menendez; Joerg Rathmann; Oscar K Serrano; Asha Jayaraj; Shirish Gadgeel; Hawley; Dawn Hershman; Melissa Accordino; Divaya Bhutani; Schwartz; Reuben; Sarah Mushtaq; Eric Bernicker; Deeken; Danielle Shafer; Lewis; Terence Rhodes; David Gill; Clarke Low; Nagle; Brandon Hayes-Lattin; Shannon McWeeney; Eneida Nemecek; Howard Zaren; Stephanie Smith; Gayathri Nagaraj; Mojtaba Akhtari; Lau; Reeves; Berg; Destry Elms; Alicia Morgans; Firas Wehbe; Altman; Gurley; Mary Mulcahy; B Durbin; Kulkarni; Heather Nelson; Surbhi Shah; Rachel P Rosovsky; Kerry Reynolds; Aditya Bardia; Genevieve Boland; Justin Gainor; Leyre Zubiri; Thorvardur Halfdanarson; Tanios Bekaii-Saab; Aakash Desai; Ruben Mesa; Bonnen; Daruka Mahadevan; Amelie Ramirez; Salazar; Rimma Belenkaya; Philip; Gregory Riely; Bryan Faller; Rana McKay; Archana Ajmera; Angelo Cabal; Shaya; Weissmann; Chinmay Jani; James Chen; Margaret Gatti-Mays; Sachin Jhawar; Maryam Lustberg; Joshua Palmer; Clement Pillainayagam; Stover; Wall; Nicole O Williams; Vidhya Karivedu; Addison; Monika Joshi; Harry Menon; Marc Rovito; Amro Elshoury; Salma Jabbour; Mansi Babar Bashir; Sana Z Mahmood; McNair; Vasil Mico; Andrea Verghese Rivera; Chaim Miller; Elwyn Cabebe; Glover; Alokkumar Jha; Lidia Schapira; Sumit Julie Tsu-Yu Wu; Suki Subbiah; Barbara Logan; Goetz Kloecker; Gilberto de Lima Lopes Jr; Karen Russell; Brittany Stith; Smits; Natasha Edwin; Chism; Susie Owenby; Deborah Doroshow; Matthew Galsky; Huili Zhu; Fu; Alyson Fazio; Kanishka Patel; Jonathan Riess; Kwon; Vaibhav Kumar; Islam; William Wood; Syed Ahmad; Punita Grover; Shuchi Gulati; Jordan Kharofa; Michelle Marcum; Cathleen Park; Trisha Wise-Draper; W Bowles; Geiger; Rohit Bishnoi; Merry-Jennifer Markham; Chintan Jared Acoba; Young Soo Rho; Lawrence Feldman; Kent Hoskins; Gerald Gantt Mahir Nguyen; Pasquinelli; Candice Neeta Venepalli; Praveen Vikas ; Anup Kasi; Leslie Fecher; Friese; Blanche Mavromatis; Qamar U Zaman; Ragneel Bijjula; Alex Cheng; Davis; French; Erin Gillaspie; Hausrath; Cassandra Hennessy; Chih-Yuan Douglas Johnson; Xuanyi Sonya Reid; Brian I Rini; Yu Shyr; Slosky; Carmen Solorzano; Tucker; Vega-Luna; Lucy Wang; Kyle Enriquez; Tianyi Sun; Theresa Carducci; Puc; Loon; Goldsmith; Robert Rice; Wilhelmina Cabalona; Christine Pilar; Briana Barrow McCollough; Prakash Peddi; Lane Rosen; Mehmet Bilen; Deepak Ravindranathan; Navid Hafez; Roy Herbst; Patricia LoRusso; Tyler Masters; Stratton